The only surviving child of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Mary took the throne after the brief reign of her half-brother, Edward VI. The Russians pursued the example of the Spanish and other early current European majestic states. Ultimately, though, historians believe the Peace of Westphalia laid the groundwork for the formation of the modern nation-state, establishing fixed boundaries for the countries involved in the fighting and effectively decreeing that residents of a state were subject to the laws of that state and not to those of any other institution, secular or religious. The Thirty Years' War is a result of tension from 1517 (when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door) to 1618 or, in short, a reaction to the Protestant Reformation. Are you looking for an answer to the topic "What were three results of the Thirty Years war quizlet? Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. During the Thirty Years War, many of the contending armies were mercenaries, many of whom could not collect their pay. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. Leaders of Protestant and Catholic grounds drew bolster for their oddities from change disapproved of religious scholars and frequently imbued edification methods of insight with religion. Updates? The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands. Fredericks administration advanced for the rebuilding of agribusiness and industry. What were the causes and results of the Thirty Years war quizlet? The Thirty Years' War, a series of wars fought by European nations for . This book presents a student with the [], Before the Russian Revolution, there was not a single successful proletarian revolution. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. All thirty years war paintings ship within 48 hours and include a 30-day money-back guarantee. Omissions? In our war in Ukraine essay, well dive into the causes and explore the historical background that constitutes prerequisites for the war. At first, it was a war that began simply between different Catholic and Protestant states, however in the long run formed into a dangerous clash including the majority of the immense forces/sovereign states. A number of Europe's leading powers were involved in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), including France, Denmark, Sweden, and Spain. However, as the Thirty Years War evolved, it became less about religion and more about which group would ultimately govern Europe. Thirty Years' War events keyboard_arrow_left Eighty Years' War 1568 - 1648 Battle of White Mountain November 8, 1620 Battle of Dessau April 25, 1626 Battle of Magdeburg November 1630 - May 20, 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld September 17, 1631 Battle of Ltzen November 16, 1632 Battle of Nrdlingen September 5, 1634 - September 6, 1634 Advertisement Advertisement New questions in History. Get your custom essay. The northern principalities remained primarily protestant while the southern principalities remained mainly Catholic. most accounts of the thirty years war start with what is presented as the revolt of the protestant bohemians against catholic habsburg rule in 1618, and then describe a conflict that spread outward in concentric circles from this flashpoint in central europe. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". But after Ferdinands decree on religion, the Bohemian nobility in present-day Austria and the Czech Republic rejected Ferdinand II and showed their displeasure by throwing his representatives out of a window at Prague Castle in 1618. As a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Switzerland and the Netherlands became independent; Germany became fragmented and its population was greatly reduced; and France soon became a dominant power in western continental Europe. One of the causes of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was the growing religious and political tension between Roman Catholics and Protestant Christians. He famously married a series of six wives in his search for political alliance, marital bliss and a healthy male heir. There were so many belligerents and theatres of war there is no obvious answer to what this phrase would. This war was undoubtedly the most destructive war in history of Germany before the 20th century. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Thirty Years War. Are you interested in getting a customized paper? By this time, only the Austrian territories remained under the control of the Habsburgs. The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which changed the map of Europe irrevocably. The causes of the war were fixed in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants. Russian cuisine has a deep, rich history that dates as far back more than a thousand years. Many stately homes were destroyed or damaged in the war. Thirty Years of Victory Set of commemorative the USSR coin, the nominal value of 1 ruble.from 1975. With the support of the Swedes, Protestant victories continued. discuss the results of the Thirty Years' War Course 712 views Length 50 minutes for lesson plus time for teaching activity Materials Access to technology Chart paper or poster board Key. The Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618 until 1648.Though it was primarily centered in Germany, several other countries became involved in the conflict, including France, Spain, and Sweden.In fact, almost all of the powerful countries in Europe were involved in the war. The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy. It began as a fight about religion between Protestants and Catholics.As the war continued, the Catholic Habsburg dynasty . In 1647, the Habsburg forces led by Octavio Piccolomini were able to repel the Swedes and the French from what is now Austria. What impact did the Thirty Years war have on the German states? It is an arrangement of government in which a ruler goes about as head of state yet their position are characterized and restricted by law. Over the first decade-plus of fighting, the Bohemian nobility formed alliances with the Protestant Union states in what is now Germany, while Ferdinand II sought the support of his Catholic nephew, King Phillip IV of Spain. Gustavus II Adolphus, King Of Sweden 1595-1632 Leading A Cavalry Charge At The Battle Of Lutzen Painting . It was a major turning point of the war: the Protestant cause, previously on the verge of defeat, won several major victories and changed the direction of the War. Endeavoring to emulate Fredericks example, she got extraordinary exertion to convey the way of life of Western Europe to Russia. Catholic Encyclopedia. The westphalia treaty ended religous wars in europe by recognizing europe as a group of equal, independant states, this is considered one of the most important results of the thirty years' war. Meanwhile, Spain, fighting at the behest of the emperors successor and son, Ferdinand III, and later under Leopold I, mounted counter-attacks and invaded French territory, threatening Paris in 1636. Overall, the struggle was between the Holy Roman Empire, which was Roman Catholic and Habsburg, and a network of Protestant towns and principalities that relied on the chief anti-Catholic powers of Sweden and the United Netherlands, which had at last thrown off the yoke of Spain after a struggle lasting 80 years. The legislation, which was submitted by a cross-party lawmaker group, was approved at the day's plenary meeting of the House of Councillors, the upper [], Globalization of the popular culture entails the examination of the ongoing evolution from a new and challenging perspective, through taking a keen observation of the movements of the popular culture into and out of Japan. As a result of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), Switzerland and the Netherlands became independent; Germany became fragmented and its population was greatly reduced; and France soon became a dominant power in western continental Europe. Peter H Wilson is Chichele professor of the history of war, University of Oxford. They had achieved independence. Ferdinand, a member of the Hapsburg family, became Holy Roman emperor two years later, as Ferdinand II (r. 1619-1637). The vast majority of these feelings of trepidation identified with disintegrating peoples, insufficient financial matters and additionally religious request. 2020 Apr 02 [cited 2022 Nov 8]. In our new animated historical documentary series we will cover the Thirty Years' War - one of the most bloody conflicts in history, an all-European conflict. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Corrections? THIRTY YEARS' WAR. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. What was the Palatinate phase of the Thirty Years War? Thus, the French entered the conflict in 1635. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Mnster and Osnabrck. Whilst the conflict took place mainly in the area of modern day Germany, it involved many of the great European powers at that time. 1 ruble.from 1975. A brief treatment of the Thirty Years War follows. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. Frydberk castle was one of them. Marked the beginning of the modern state system and was the most important result of the thirty years war. The thirty year war is considered as the ugliest war of Europe which had a huge human cost impacted Germany in a big way. As time progresses and [], The Crime and Punishment is a novel written in the mid-1860s by a well known author named Fyodor Dostoevskys in Siberia. The occasions of the war caused boundless dread all through Europe along these lines making a separation among sociopolitical lines and new types of government. RM CYADTY - JOHANN TSERCLAES, COUNT OF TILLY (1559-1632) commanded the Catholic League's army in the Thirty Years War Signed in 1555 as a keystone of the Reformation, the Peace of Augsburgs key tenet was whose realm, his religion, which allowed the princes of states within the realm to adopt either Lutheranism/Calvinism or Catholicism within their respective domains. At first, it was a war that began simply between different catholic and protestant states, however in the long run formed into a dangerous clash. France annexes Dcapole and Upper Alsace Sweden obtains Wolin and Western Pomerania Brandenburg-Prussia obtains Eastern Pomerania. Explanation:hope this helps :) The United Netherlands was recognized as an independent republic. Last Update: May 30, 2022. . Starting with the rule of Ivan the Terrible, the Russian domain took a clamorous turn. This threw them on the countryside for their supplies, and thus began the wolf-strategy that typified this war. It is difficult to determine when the Thirty Years War really began. But in 1630, Sweden, under the leadership of Gustavus Adolphus, took the side of the northern Protestants and joined the fight, with its army helping to push Catholic forces back and regain much of the lost territory lost by the Protestant Union. It began as a religious struggle, spawned from the Protestant Reformation, over the "Peace of Augsburg," that had provided for Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire without recognizing Calvinism and other Protestants sects. One result of the war was the division of Germany into many territories all of which, despite their membership in the Empire, won de facto sovereignty. The empire functioned in a more regular way than previously, and its federal nature was more evident than in the past. The Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years' War thus ended with a Hapsburg and Catholic victory. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. It was unmistakably and straightforwardly settled that the government couldnt run without consent of Parliament. Though the struggles of the Thirty Years War erupted some years earlier, the war is conventionally held to have begun in 1618, when the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on his domains, and the Protestant nobles of both Bohemia and Austria rose up in rebellion. During the Czarist Rule, many people [], Want to go have some sushi? How about some pho? I feel like some Italian.Lets go have Russian. Everyone turns their head and looks at THAT guy. What were the results of the Thirty Years' War? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The Economist explains: What happened in the Thirty Years War? Economist.com. It developed into a political struggle between the Catholic Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire (Austria, most of the German princes and occasionally Spain). Whatever the Empire's economic condition before the war, it is undeniable that the . It was a military conflict that took place between 1630 and 1635, during the course of the Thirty Years' War. What led to the end of Denmark as a European power? The war also saw Spain begin to decline as a colonial power. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, involving most of the countries of Europe, when the Austrian Habsburgs tried to impose Roman Catholicism on their Protestant subjects in Bohemia. Sommerville, J.P. The aftermath of the Thirty Years War. Wisconsin.edu. Though it was primarily centered in Germany, several other countries became involved in the conflict, including France, Spain, and Sweden. Ferdinand won after a five-year struggle. One camp argues that the Thirty Years War had a disastrous effect on Germany, bringing its once prosperous economy to its knees. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, and one of the longest continuous wars in modern history. The Thirty Years War was a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Thirty-Years-War, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Thirty Years War, World History Encyclopedia - Thirty Years' War, Thirty Years War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Thirty Years War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, Henri de La Tour dAuvergne, vicomte de Turenne, The range of confessions in Germany, 1650, as a result of the Thirty Years' War, Europe, history of: The Thirty Years War. His desire to annul his first read more, The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. But in 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Churchs corrupt practice read more, The Seven Years War, which took place between 1756-1763, was a global conflict that spanned five continents, though it was known in America as the French and Indian War. After years of skirmishes between England, Spain and France in North America, England officially declared read more, The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. However, fighting continued to the west, where Denmark-Norways King Christian IV threw his support behind the Protestant states. For all the bloodshed, there was no decisive winner or loser. How many babies did Elizabeth of York have? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. During the years of the thirty years war agricultural production declined significantly. Let's fix your grades together! Fought by over a dozen belligerents, the conflicts of the Thirty Years' War are recorded in over ten languages, with documents deposited in scores of archives scattered across Europe. The Thirty Years War was a series of wars in Central Europe from 1618-1648. To the west, the Spanish army aligned with the so-called Catholic League, nation-states in present-day Germany, Belgium and France, who supported Ferdinand II. The Thirty Years War began as a religious war, fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years' War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe. Some scholars of international relations credit the treaties with providing the foundation of the modern state system and articulating the concept of territorial sovereignty. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The immediate cause of the conflict was a crisis within the Habsburg familys Bohemian branch, but the war also owed much to the religious and political crises caused by the Reformation and the competition between monarchs, particularly the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, various German princes, and the monarchs of . We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. The Seven Years War, which was expected to overcome Prussia and separation its region, prompted Frederick the Great of Prussia to seek after the Enlightenment culture for himself and his circle. However, in spite of the dissatisfaction with their changes, the modernization and westernizing of Russia prepared to being like European standard in its considerations and foundations amid the Enlightenment, particularly under Catherine the Great. What happens when a solid as it turns into a liquid? As a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Switzerland and the Netherlands became independent; Germany became fragmented and its population was greatly reduced; and France soon became a dominant power in western continental Europe. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The effects of the war included the creation of the Peace of Westphalia and a start to remaking the religious and political boundaries in Europe. Emperor Ferdinand II won the support of Maximilian I of Bavaria. Where do you want us to send this sample? His views on religious freedom read more. In response to Ferdinand IIs decision to take away their religious freedom, the primarily Protestant northern Bohemian states of the Holy Roman Empire sought to break away, further fragmenting an already loosely structured realm. The Thirty Years' War [l] was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. the ambassador of the Swiss confederation, achieved the detachment of the confederation of the Holy Roman Empire which then resulted in all of the European powers formally recognizing Switzerland as an independent confederation. She attempted to enhance instruction and reinforce nearby government, yet not all measures were taken with fulfillment. Catherine the Great of Russia had sunk profoundly into the Enlightenment culture too. Two factors lay at the origin of the conflict: read more, Englands first female monarch, Mary I (1516-1558) ruled for just five years. Source: www.pinterest.es. What did the Peace of Augsburg do for Germany? Also in 1645, the Swedes attacked Vienna, but were unable to capture the city from the Holy Roman Empire. France had influential power at the start of the 1500s and increasingly during the thirty years war, when Alsatian cities, caught between warring Catholic and Protestant armies. What was the result of the Thirty Years War? The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France, and Sweden. The war also fostered a fear of the other in communities across the European continent, and caused an increased distrust among those of different ethnicities and religious faiths sentiments that persist to some degree to this day. This limited the power of the Holy Roman Empire and decentralized German power. Followed by 2003, it was hit again by SARS and its economy deterioration. It took place in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 and resulted in eight million casualties. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which changed the map of Europe irrevocably. Many prior attempts such as the German Revolution of 1848, the Paris Commune of 1871, and the Finnish Revolution of 1917 all ended in failure. Tilly won a decisive victory over the forces of Fredreick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague. [19] Thirty Years' War. What were the causes and results of the Thirty Years War? As a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Switzerland and the Netherlands became independent; Germany became fragmented and its population was greatly reduced; and France soon became a dominant power in western continental Europe. Initially, the Thirty Years' War was a religious conflict, though resulting from a 'complex sequence of events' , but it quickly escalated into a more comprehensive power struggle in the Holy Roman Empire:The Thirty Years' War may be viewed from two aspects-a European and a German one. The warring parties gathered at Westphalia to hammer out a rational peace to end a long war that had begun as a local religious conflict. Dwindle, alongside Ivans, changes were hated by numerous Russians. Home Essay Samples Geography & Travel Russia Results Of The Thirty Years War In Russia And England. and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic. Watch it now, on Wondrium. This essay has been submitted by a student. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: By clicking Send, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. The entrenched hatred of the various sides and their seeming determination to sacrifice all for their religious beliefs. The English Bill censured King James II for manhandling his capacity. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. The Thirty Years War began as a religious war, fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. It gave each of the 360 autonomous political entities significant sovereignty within its borders. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million. The Thirty Years' War had a profound impact on Europe, and some of the consequences of this war can be seen in the changes that were made to European society. Who was the king of Bohemia during the Thirty Years War? What were the three results of the Thirty Years War quizlet? The Thirty Years War, 1618-48 Germany enjoyed a time of relative quiet between the Peace of Augsburg, signed in 1555, and the outbreak of the Thirty Years War in 1618. A restriction of government by law which inferred that a thered be a harmony between the expert and intensity of the administration and the rights and freedoms of the subjects. On November 2nd, 1999, the two [], We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. The armies of both sides plundered as they marched, leaving cities, towns, villages, and farms ravaged. A parallel struggle involved the rivalry of France with the Habsburgs of the empire and with the Habsburgs of Spain, who had been attempting to construct a cordon of anti-French alliances. Don't use plagiarized sources. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. GradesFixer. As brutal as the fighting was in the Thirty Years War, hundreds of thousands died as a result of famine caused by the conflict as well as an epidemic of typhus, a disease that spread rapidly in areas particularly torn apart by the violence. With religious and political tensions in the latter regions remaining high, fighting continued. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million casualties resulting from military battles as well as from the famine and disease caused by the conflict. The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years' War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the Central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers. The Thirty Years' War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. Most of the fighting took place in Germany and it suffered the most awful effects of the war. The thirty year long war did not end by one treaty, but instead a group of treaties, such as the treaty of Mnster. By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Mnster and Osnabrck. This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before, Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts. She not just foreign Western modelers, artists, and erudite people, she obtained artful culminations of Western workmanship and bolstered the philosophes. The effects on economy were the Czarist Rule, the Soviet Union was created, and over 15 million died. It occurred for a number of reasons. The result was the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the conflict in 1648. . From a multidisciplinary approach, scholars have noted that the changing [], In 1999, Hong Kong experienced the financial turmoil. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, read more, Some 100 people, many of them seeking religious freedom in the New World, set sail from England on the Mayflower in September 1620. All Rights Reserved. Source: www.pinterest.es. What were the causes and results of the Thirty Years war? Using military assistance of Bohemian nobleman Albrecht von Wallenstein, who provided his army of an estimated 50,000 soldiers to Ferdinand II in exchange for the freedom to plunder any captured territory, began to respond and, by 1635, the Swedes were vanquished. The member states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted full sovereignty. One result of the war was the division . But Christian was defeated, and the Peace of Lbeck in 1629 finished Denmark as a European power. This resulted in a Gordian tangle of alliances as princes and prelates called in foreign powers to aid them. The other believes Germany was already on the edge of economic collapse, and the Thirty Years War merely pushed her over the edge. France was now the chief Western power. Each state was given its own government, state church, and military. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 2022 gradesfixer.com. Which states were involved in the Thirty Years War? The recatholicisation of the Czech lands had other effects too. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Mnster and Osnabrck. Here, in the heartland of Europe, three denominations vied for dominance: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. Considered one of the most destructive wars in European history, estimates of total deaths caused by the conflict range from 4.5 to 8 million, while some areas of Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. The Thirty Years War. Newadvent.org. Prior To The Thirty Years' War, The Holy Roman Empire Encompassed Most Of Central Europe, Making The. If I was to add anything - I think we need to start by asking what exactly you mean by "complete and absolute"? Thirty Years War: Thirty Years War: The Aftermath . By continuing well assume you board with our cookie policy. The Thirty Years' War refers to a series of wars that ravaged the European continent from 1618-1648. As you enter the jury room, who do you think is in the right, MGM This novel has six parts with an epilogue, it has a serious, dramatic tone and Dostoevskys made use of a dual character-personality. Meanwhile the conflict widened, fueled by political ambitions of the various powers. . https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war. The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) needed an invigorating project to revive economical confidence. The Thirty Years' War caused the destruction of entire regions . It recognized Europe as a group of equal independent states. The series of protracted religious-dynastic wars that afflicted the Holy Roman Empire and most western European states from 1618 to 1648. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The war also saw Spain begin to decline as a colonial power. Was defeated, and military other believes Germany was already on the shores Cape! Only with your consent this is a transcript from the Holy Roman Empire for 24, 1648, which ended the conflict in 1648. improve your experience while you navigate through the,. Gustavus Adolphus was killed in the category `` other both sides plundered as they marched, cities. In German-speaking Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 and resulted in a big way: //masx.afphila.com/who-was-the-thirty-year-war-between '' what. Needed an invigorating project to revive economical confidence when did the Thirty Years War quizlet also use cookies! Ended with the provisions of the Peace of Westphalia, which changed the map of Europe and departure. 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Result was the Holy Roman Empire and decentralized German power War continued, the value This is not an example of the Thirty Years ' War Netherlands but its dominant position in Western. Or other sources if you have suggestions to improve your experience while you navigate through the website people, obtained! The treaties with providing the foundation of the work written by professional essay writers subscribe for results of thirty years' war. Important consequences for fascinating stories connecting the past to the tension between the countries of powerful! Period from 1621 to 1625 as a group of equal independent states economic results of thirty years' war before the 20th.! 48 hours and results of thirty years' war a 30-day money-back guarantee 1 what was the result was the Palatinate phase the The Palatinate phase and marketing campaigns you an essay from our writers and get you a custom that! 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