Importance of Agriculture in India: Two third of the livelihood of the Indian population is directly or indirectly dependent on Agriculture. Totalitarianism (state regulation of nearly every aspect of public and private sectors). Although Italy was the origin of fascism, it expanded to other countries. To turn a country into an empire, fascism seeks to construct a patriotic dictatorship that will govern the economy and regulate social interactions within the current, self-determined culture. InsightsIAS Headquarters, Main Features of the Nazi Party The Nazi Party commanded by Hitler had the following characteristics: 1 - Totalitarian The entire German State was included by the Nazi Party. In the 1920s, landowners and merchants in Italy embraced fascism as an oppositional option to socialism, gaining popularity and support. Ideology powerfully influenced by fascism is Ba'athism. Historian Stanley Payne in the 1990s appealed that a prominent and Hindu nationalist movement Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) holds strong similarities to fascism - including its use of paramilitaries and its irredentist claims, calling for the creation of a Greater India (Stanley G. Payne, 2005). Mussolini - idea of Fascism- school teacher, trade unionist, journalist- imprisoned (1908) for revolutionary ideas- In 1912 started editing - Avanti, a socialist journal. In Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany both pursued territorial expansionist and interventionist foreign policy agendas from the 1930s through the 1940s ending in World War II. It includes various Neo-Nazi movements, which can be found almost worldwide. In ancient Rome, fasces consisted of a bundle of rods with an axe blade sticking out. The main merits of the socialist economy are as under: 1. Collectivism (stress on human interdependence rather than on the importance of separate individuals). It was formerly used to refer specifically to Mussolini's political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943, but has consequently also been used to describe other governments. In the decade of 1930s, the Nazis executed racial laws that deliberately discriminated against, disenfranchised, and persecuted Jews and other racial and minority groups. In many respects, fascism establishes a revolt against the ideas and values that dominated Western political thought from the French Revolution onwards in the words of the Italian Fascist slogan: '1789 is Dead'. The Brazilian Integralists led by Plinio Salgado, claimed as many as 200,000 members although following coup attempts it faced a suppression from the Estado Novo of Getulio Vargas in 1937. PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS: Candidates should note that there will be penalty (negative marking) for wrong answers marked by a candidate in the Objective Type Question Papers. In this way, fascism could be considered an extreme take on reactionary political viewpoints. The Austrian statesman Engelbert Dollfuss (1892-1934) served as chancellor of Austria from 1932 to 1934. FACILITATION COUNTER FOR GUIDANCE OF CANDIDATES: In case of any guidance/information . Q.3. Blamires notes that there is indication that the RSS held direct contact with Italy's Fascist government and admired European fascism. In India, the centre largely depends on the states for implementing many of public policies which encourages decentralization process. The future: Fascists love the speed and power of technology. In the end of 1930s, Italy passed manufacturing cartels, tariff barriers, currency restrictions, and immense regulation of the economy to attempt to balance payments. Ltd. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution, Monthly In This video, we have covered FASCISM. The years following World War I, which concluded in 1919, were marked by weak regimes and economic hardship. Additionally, the Nazis idealized the levee en masse (mass mobilization of soldiers) that was developed by French Revolutionary armies, and the Nazis sought to use the system for their paramilitary movement (Blamires, Cyprian, 2006). Propagation of Communism- It will not be an exaggeration to say that an extensive propagation of communism was responsible for the success of Mussolini's Fascist Party. Nazism refers to the philosophy and practices of the German Nazi Party (or National Socialist German Workers' Party) under the headship of Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) between 1933 and 1945. What were the problems it could not solve. They preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to ones country. Despite the Great Depressions economic catastrophe, several democracies, like the US, UK, and France remained strong. Neo-fascism or 'democratic fascism' claims to have distanced itself from principles such as compelling leadership, totalitarianism and overt racialism. Other groups, though, continued to embrace Nazi beliefs. Mussolini called for irredentist Italian claims to be reclaimed, establishing Italian domination of the Mediterranean Sea and securing Italian access to the Atlantic Ocean, and the creation of Italian Spazio vitale in the Mediterranean and Red Sea regions. Individualism is dangerous because it turns people away from their community. Nationalism: The community that matters the most is the nation. The 1929 economic crisis aggravated the problem, as inflation rendered the German currency virtually useless. Agricultural sector accounts for 15% of the export earnings and 14%-17% of India's GDP. Discuss. Millions of people lost faith in democratic government. Fascism also had influence outside of Europe, especially in East Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Fascist administrations suppress and forbid opposition to the state (Ball and Dagger). Government censors forced radio stations and publications to broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines. Democratic socialism is not a complete departure from Marxian socialism. Populism (direct appeals to the masses, usually by a charismatic leader). For many people, the war presented that contemporary ideas had failed and that a new way was required. Mussolini was a dazzling orator. He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists. Fascism can be applied to the formation of new revolutionary nationalist movements which rose to power in Europe between the World Wars (Payne, 1998). Under her guidance, Garima Garg scored third highest marks in PSIR (AIR 220- 2021). It is simply the taking out of barriers or hindrances, this allowing free flow of trade and commerce activities, talks, communications, discussions and cultural . Under His Leadership, Italy became the model for Fascists in other countries. Ace your UPSC preparation by downloading the Testbook App! It usually requires unusual of personality around a single central figure, hero worship, and a strong emphasis on a particularly militaristic view of national security. Phone : +91 96000 32187 / +91 94456 88445. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Prior to rising to power, from 1939 to 1941, Peron had developed a deep appreciation of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic strategies on Italian Fascist economic policies (Blamires, Cyprian, 2006). The Rise of Mussolini: A newspaper editor and politician named Benito Mussolini boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces. for IR/Diplomacy.Read the index and download accordingly. Critically analyse. Finally, Mussolini publicly criticized Italys government. However, there remained multiple philosophies and governments that were ideologically related to fascism. Because he was of modest height, he usually chose a location for his speeches where he towered above the crowdsoften a balcony high above a public square. The Fascists supported ground-breaking action and committed to secure law and order to appeal to both conservatives and syndicalists. Autocracy (political power in the hands of a single self-appointed ruler). As a result, they turned to fascism, an extreme form of rule. In Paraguay in 1940, President General Higinio Morinigo started his rule as an authoritarian with the backing of pro-fascist military officers, appealed to the masses, exiled opposition leaders, and only abandoned pro-fascist policy after the end of World War II (Cyprian Blamires, 2006). Action: Human beings find meaning and purpose by acting, not by reasoning or thinking. The main motive of comparative politics is to improve the ongoing condition of any state or country. The later was led by Adolf Hitler, the then leader of the Nazi party where the name Nazism is derived from. However, the date of retrieval is often important. One Party, One Leader and One Programme: In dictatorship only one party is allowed to exist and it is the dictator's own party. Document Description: Impact of Fascism on Italy for UPSC 2022 is part of UPSC Mains: World History preparation. Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays. However, unlike Com- munists, Fascists did not seek a classless society. Fascist ideology based on national unity behind a single revered ruler and for the idea that citizens must serve the state (as opposed to most forms of liberal democracy, which have an inverse view of this relationship). 1944- (Darrell Joseph Fasching), Fasch, Karl Friedrich Christian (baptized Christian Friedrich Carl), Fashion Careers of California College: Narrative Description, Fashion Careers of California College: Tabular Data, https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/fascism-and-nazism, Austria's Shunning by the Global Community. (250 words) Mastering . Fascist philosopher, Gentile (1875-1944) indicted that 'everything for the state; nothing against the state; nothing outside the state'. Several close associates of Ba'athism's major ideologist Michel Aflaq have acknowledged that Aflaq had been directly stimulated by certain fascist and Nazi theorists. It usually requires unusual of personality around a single central figure, hero worship, and a strong emphasis on a particularly militaristic view of national security. Racist nationalists in particular condemned the French Revolution for granting social equality to "inferior races" such as Jews. Fascism signifies the dimmer side of the Western political tradition, the central values of which it changed rather than uncontrolled. The fascist Iron Guard movement in Romania flown in political support after 1933, gaining representation in the Romanian government, and an Iron Guard member assassinated Romanian prime minister Ion Duca. It was appraised that the French Revolution was responsible for the entrenchment of nationalism as a political ideology both in its development in France as French nationalism and in the formation of nationalist movements particularly in Germany with the development of German nationalism by Johann Gottlieb Fichte as a political response to the development of French nationalism (Alexander J. Motyl, 2001). These sticks were carried by the Roman Emperors as a symbol of dictatorial authority. Nationalism is a feeling of seeing our country above the rest of the countries in the world. The notes and questions for Impact of Fascism on Italy have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Is Success a mind game or sheer hard work? Peruvian president Luis Miguel Sanchez Cerro founded the Revolutionary Union in 1931 as the state party for his autocracy. Mussolini outlawed strikes. Types of Fascism: There are several kind of fascism. Communism claimed to be a dictatorship of the working class. It is derived from the Latin word "fasces", an ancient Roman symbol consisting of a bundle of rods tied around an axe, used to suggest "strength through unity". 2. The fascist ideology witnesses the caste system, social mobility is also practiced. It is explained by what it opposes: it is anti-rational, anti-liberal, anti-conservative, anti-capitalist, anti-bourgeois, and anti-communist. Today its Indias top website and an institution when it comes to imparting quality content, guidance and teaching for IAS Exam. Neo-fascist groups began to emerge in Latin America, the Middle East, and South Africa in the late 1940s. The primary elements of Fascism are: The rejection of both Modernism and Postmodernism, and thus a belief in Radical Traditionalism and/or Futurism. The significant fascist regime was Nazi Germany, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. In each nation, Fascists wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies. The late twentieth century however witnessed a revitalisation of fascism in the form of neo-fascism. The improvement can be implemented on the present system of an ant state or country by adopting other countries' already successful and proven systems. Attiguppe , Bengaluru - 560040, Now reach all our Branches with ease!!!! Fascism has been a complex historical phenomenon, and it is tough to identify its fundamental principles or a 'fascist minimum'. These circumstances included the First World War's legacy of disruption, lingering militarism and frustrated nationalism. Both systems were ruled by dictators who allowed only their political party (one-party rule). Neo-fascism has been particularly influential in Eastern Europe, where it has sought to revive national rivalries and racial hatreds, and has taken advantage of the political instability that resulted from the collapse of communism. America also represented some features of fascism. Already have an account? @Non Pol.sci candidates: Even for General studies (Mains), some of this modules are important e.g. Many scholars believe that fascism and its supporters have always battled communism, conservatism, and liberalism, gaining power through far-right support. The . Some of these war veterans began to rally together, trying to re-create the companionship of the war. However, they have the following differences between them: Origin of Fascism Vs. Nazism. In this article, we shall discuss Fascism in detail which is an important topic for the UPSC IAS Exam. Even when it comes to art, some major differences exist between the two ideologies. Engelbert Dollfuss Upon the Revolutionary Union being taken over by Raul Ferrero Rebagliati who sought to mobilise mass support for the group's nationalism in a manner similar to fascism. This campaign of terror weakened his opponents. Rise of Mussolini. So he often used settings and symbols from the period of Italys glorythe Roman Empire. Discuss the key features of pre-Marxist socialist theory. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) International Relations Notes for UPSC Exam! Fascism is not racial and holds no strong opinion of any race. Mussolini had founded the Fascist Party in 1919. The 14 characteristics are: 1. For others fascism appeared to bring stability, well-being and national honour (epitomized in the conquest of Ethiopia in 1936) - for which authoritarian government was a price worth paying. He attempted to establish his Party of National Unity throughout the country; created an eight-hour work day, a forty-eight-hour work week in industry, and sought to entrench a corporatist economy; and followed irredentist claims on Hungary's neighbours. He sought to control the economy by allying the Fascists with the industrialists and large landowners. ANCIENT GREEK POLITICAL THOUGHT. Individuals and groups are allowable in so far as they come within the State. Rather, they believed that each class had its place and function. Fascism and Nazism are two types of ideologies that show considerable differences between them. candidates: Prepare according to the UPSC syllabus topics, Not all IGNOU BA, MA PDFs are important for exam.. Nanda Ashirwad Complex, 3rd Floor, Essential (Free) softwares and instructions; Download links Italys upper and middle classes feared a Communist revolution, as in Russia. However, it is doubtful whether fascism can meaningfully adopt a 'democratic' face, since this implies an accommodation with principles such as pluralism, toleration and individualism. zis ) hist. Fascism was invented in Italy during World War I and expanded to other European countries. "Extreme nationalism of fascist variety has various faces in various countries, but it has everywhere in common characteristics.". Romania's Iron Guard. It was started during the regime of Adolf Hitler . Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Their message attracted many people who felt frustrated and angered by the peace treaties that followed World War I and by the Great Depression. Fascism was a political ideology and mass movement that dominated many parts of central, southern. National interests ) totalitarianism and overt racialism strongly entrenched survived were often deeply. 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