83m. What is the blast radius of a 81mm mortar? The vast majority of HE mortar projectiles produced contain a primary high explosive fill of either TNT, or a mixture of RDX and TNT. The weapon usually consists of three components; barrel (tube; including a sighting mechanism), baseplate and the bipod. Mortars may be initiated by a fixed or, more commonly, removable ignition cartridge (sometimes referred to as a propelling cartridge), which features a pyrotechnic primer. Mortars are indirect-fire weapon systems. These mortars can be carried and operated by a single man, with other soldiers typically carrying additional ammunition. Fired from three directions at the town of Sangin, but the exact firing points were not established. List of crew served weapons of the US Armed Forces, "The Marines' Trusty Mortar Is Getting a Major Upgrade", Marines Want a Truck-Mounted Rocket-Launcher that Fits in an Osprey, "Picatinny lightens Soldiers' load, shaves 12 pounds off mortar system", "Army awards $8.5M contract to Watervliet Arsenal to lighten the load for infantrymen, Marines", "Marines get new mortar in Iraq to protect base from IS", Marines In the Hunt for a Mortar Round That Can Fire Up to 12 Miles, "Marines, soldiers could soon carry 'flash bang' mortars", "Need to know, 2015: What's new in gear and uniforms", Iraq: Turning a blind eye: The arming of the Popular Mobilization Units, "Army prepares for rollout of new handheld mortar computers", "Factfile: M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M252_mortar&oldid=1119225966. The majority of those killed and injured were students. Location: [4][5] In November 2016, the Watervliet Arsenal received a contract to produce the bipods which have an "A" shaped bipod frame with deliveries to be completed by March 2020. Used for training in limited areas. Max Rate of fire: 30 rpm . A rifle or a tank, for example, are direct-fire weapons. The ministry of defence, the headquarters of the state media and President Bashar Al-Assads residence are all in the vicinity. The supported commander controls the allotted fires. The M252 system weighs 91lb (41kg) completely assembled and is composed of the M253 Cannon (35lb, 16kg), M177 Mount (27lb, 12kg), M3A1 Baseplate (29lb, 13kg), and the M64A1 Sight Unit (2.5lb, 1.1kg). Casualties: Mortars can be man packed in terrain where vehicular support is restricted. Infrastructure damage: They maintain and keep a record of the ammunition in addition to the data corresponding to each fire mission. A crew of five enlisted personnel operate the M252: the squad leader, the gunner, the assistant gunner, the first ammunition bearer, and the second ammunition bearer. The length of the mortar barrel has the most significant effect on the range of the projectiles fired, with longer barrels tending to allow for longer ranges. The M64A1 sight unit (also used on the M224) is attached to the bipod mount. Air drop limitations. Location: One suffered a broken arm, one had fragment wounds to his chest and right leg, and one victim had fragment wounds to the left side of his back, his left calf, right ankle, and right hand. Max Effective Range 5700 m; Rate of fire 25 - 30 rpm (1st 1-2 min) Ammunition HE, WP, Smoke, Illumination; It is most commonly found in the mortar platoon of an infantry battalion. Mortars have a number of different designs in various calibres; this report highlights some of the most commonly encountered varieties of conventionally designed medium and heavy mortars specifically 81 mm and 82 mm medium mortars, and 120 mm heavy mortars. [1] The mount consists of a base plate and a bipod, which is provided with screw type elevating and traversing mechanisms to elevate/traverse the mortar. 42 people were killed and an additional 85 people were injured in this incident. The maximum effective firing range is. The version produced and used by Australia is named the F2 81mm Mortar, whilst the version used by the U.S. armed forces is known as the M252 . Another five died at the Koevo Hospital after surgery, and four died of complications a week later. The term indirect fire means firing at an enemy without having a direct line of sight. Their twofold records include a written table of firing data, type, and number of rounds fired, and the safety pins pulled from each round to provide physical evidence to the accuracy of the table. Its tube has a length of four feet two inches. 5,700m. Fragments from the mortar hit the clinic. Unable to identify. *Question: What is the maximum range for the M252 81mm mortar? 35m. The rifled mortars can also fire smoothbore mortar projectiles, in which case the maximum ranges for the ammunition would be less than that for conventional smoothbore mortars, as more of the propellant gases would escape past the body of the projectile without imparting any energy to it. At 12:15, a single 120 mm high explosive mortar projectile detonated in the crowded Markale marketplace in Sarajevo. 81mm mortar max rate of fire. The maximum effective firing range is 5,700 meters, with a minimum range of 80 meters (thats really close). College of Architecture refectory, Damascus University, Syria. Rocket-assisted mortar projectiles are also available, and these projectiles extend the range of the system. How far can a 81mm mortar shoot? 15 rpm. These casualty figures are unusually high considering single mortar effects. [4] It entered service with the U.S. Army and replaced the previous 81mm M29 mortar in 1987. Rapid Rate = 30 rounds per min for 2 minutesSustained Rate = 15 rounds per min indefinetly. The L16 81mm mortar is a British standard mortar used by the Canadian Army, British Army and many other armed forces. This report is concerned with medium and heavy mortars of 81, 82, and 120 mm in calibre. The primer detonates, igniting the charge in the tail fin, which in turn ignites the C-charges on the round. Remarks: Detailed reports of injuries were possible due to the fact that the attack was a major one, and was documented well enough by doctors writing in medical journals for them to improve their own response to emergency situations. Mortar systems can provide three different types of fires types of rounds and engagement for the infantry units they are supporting. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. Mortars are relatively simple weapon systems that can be locally manufactured using fairly basic metalworking skills (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). It is part of a series of technical studies on explosive weapons undertaken by the GICHD, providing evidence and contributing to the analysis of the final report on Characterisation of Explosive Weapons (GICHD, 2017). Infrared Illumination (IR): Produces illumination which is only visible through the use of night vision devices. The survivors had injuries to limbs and burns. Max Effective Range: 81mm Mortar. Whilst 100, 160, and 240 mm mortars are also employed in conflict zones, 120 mm calibre mortars are by far the most common heavy mortars in service globally. These systems will be fielded in the coming years; older systems will simultaneously still be in service. The mortar platoon, or an element thereof, may be attached to a subordinate unit of the battalion. North Korea Scrambles 180 Jets, South Korea Responds With 80 Jets of its own. Number of mortar projectiles fired: Date/time of attack: However, there are factors that can . With robust designs and vintage classic style, discover the heritage of military timepieces today! Maximum Range is 5608 meters. Two models have been in use by Rangers. The 81mm mortar has been used in recent conflicts around the world. Great generals throughout history have lauded the power and necessity of artillery in battle. Casualties: In my Army officer training I was always told that weight for weight a mortar shell is more effective, and in fact danger area wise a 81mm morter is more effective than a 105 (but the 105 has a significant range advantage). 81mm mortar: 4500m, 5700m, or 6,000m 4.2" mortarL 4800m, 5500m, or 6500m . Each mortar platoon has four 81mm medium mortars at its disposal one for each squad. Mortars are generally one of the most responsive of artillery weapons, capable of engaging targets quickly and at shorter ranges than many artillery guns or rocket systems. It is designed to be fired in the indirect fire mode, cannot be fired handheld, and norm ally utilizes a FDC. This page was last edited on 17 October 2022, at 00:49. One 81 mm high explosive mortar round (as determined by Human Rights Watch, based on remnants and impact marks). More than one, but reports were not more specific than that. Sangin, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Active and passive measures are used to increase survivability. Most mortars are restricted in elevation, and are only capable of firing at high-angle trajectories (above 45), meaning that they cannot be used in the direct fire support role (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). However, massing of mortar fires outside the zone of action of the organic unit is difficult due to the limited range of the mortar. Mortars are fired for various reasons such as lighting up targets with Illumination mortar cartridges, destroying targets with High Explosive ammunition mortar rounds, or firing White Phosphorous Smoke rounds. BBC reports that unusual about the attacks was that the market would have been considered a safe place from mortars as it was surrounded by high buildings. M170A1 Mortar Mount 13.2 lbs M64A1 Sight 2.5 lbs M7A1 Baseplate 9.1 lbs M8 Baseplate 3.6 lbs SL-3 Complete 37.6 lbs Rates of Fire/Range Maximum rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute for four minutes. 60mm range from 70 m to 3 1/2 km, and accuracy depends on the spotter calling in the mission and the crew that's laying in Mortars can provide a heavy volume of responsive, accurate fire with a variety of ammunition. Number of mortar shells fired: The mortar squad leader verifies the number of charges; then the assistant gunner drops the round down the muzzle of the tube. Fired . Firstly, high explosive rounds (HE) are used to suppress or destroy enemy infantry, weapons, and equipment. The round is used to illuminate targets during night operations. The weapon can be man-packed by the mortar detachment, in which case the ammunition would be carried by other soldiers of the battalion. The M252 81 mm mortar, currently in use by Canada, UK and USA (source: GlobalSecurity.org). Rocket-assisted mortar projectiles may extend these ranges, but are not widely encountered (ARES, 2016). Effective Casualty Radius: 81mm Mortar. The United Kingdom's L16 81 mm mortar is the standard mortar used by the British armed forces. These weapons only possessed 2,200 yards of effective range. Twenty-three died immediately and 104 were injured, of whom 76 were transported to the Koevo University Hospital. What would you guess the price tag for each system is? Mortars are indirect-fire weapons that rely on mathematical calculations to fire a munition at a high angle, which then arcs down onto the intended target. TM9-1907 indicates that the initial fragment velocity of 81mm mortar rounds is 6,180 fps while 75mm and 105mm HE reach . Non-Lethal Indirect Fire Munition: Developmental round based on the M853A1 that disperses. While the M2s and M19s had an effective range of only 2,000 meters, the M224's new primary rounds gave it a range . Eighty-four casualties survived. Thirdly, illumination rounds. Further, in some cases, mortars might be more desirable than artillery or airstrikes, which can create more devastation. Most mortars are restricted in elevation, and are only capable of firing at high-angle trajectories (above 45), meaning that they cannot be used in the direct fire support role (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). This mortar replaced the previous Marine Corps 81mm mortar in 1986. Mortar, unspecified calibre. Ranger of the 1st Ranger Battalion firing an M2 60mm mortar , World War II. 16 April 2011, 17:30. Lukavica area at a range of between 3,000 and 5,000 m (UN Protection Force Investigations). However, in a fast moving operation, the mobility of mortars, coupled with their limited range capability, may be a restricting factor. It originated as a joint design by the UK and Canada. Some time between 21:00-22:00, a high explosive mortar projectile hit a house in the Al-Shamasi Neighbourhood. It originated as a joint design by UK and Canada. Stream exclusive shows, documentaries, and news stories that celebrate America. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. Minor damage to buildings around the street, but major damage to canteen area. However, do not discount the role of the 81mm mortar in urban environments. Firstly, altering the angle of the mortar barrel will affect how far the projectile will be able to travel. View down the smoothbore barrel of the L16 mortar. The M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar is a crew-served, medium weight mortar which is highly accurate and provides for a greater range (4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and lethality. [6][4][5] As part of the same program, a lightweight version of the M224 60mm mortar the M224A1 was also developed. The bipod serves to help stabilise the mortar, and acts as a simple sighting arrangement. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. Five. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. You see the enemy, you aim, and fire that munition directly at him. Sets with similar terms. A maximum rate-of-fire of 30 rounds-per-minute is attainable for up to 2 minutes. When the target is ranged, the first assistant ammunition bearer adjusts the amount of propellant by removing C-charges from the projectile. Generally speaking, medium mortars can fire at ranges of 100 m to 5500 m, while heavy mortars have a range of some 500 m to 7,000 m (Gander & Hogg, 1993; Isby, 1988). In addition to having general oversight of all squad activities, they also supervise the emplacement, laying, and firing of the weapon. Unknown. http://www.srpska-mreza.com/library/facts/mark1-bind.html, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/06/world/66-die-as-shell-wrecks-sarajevo-market.html?pagewanted=all, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3459965.stm, http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/markale_massacre, http://www.justice-report.com/en/articles/karadzic-a-total-massacre-at-markale, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NutaoCMvt3Q, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plisitCQmRU, https://www.facebook.com/ICTYMKSJ/videos/1178819528800682, http://serbianna.com/analysis/archives/2459, https://iwpr.net/global-voices/mladic-trial-hears-witness-second-markale-attack, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToSSJIrWU78, https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/04/17/libya-indiscriminate-attacks-kill-civilians, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/28/damascus-university-attac_n_2970499.html, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-syria-crisis-students-idUSBRE92R0E020130328#GQIBk601YY679BGU.97, http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/03/28/Dead-wounded-in-Mortar-attack-on-Damascus-University.html, http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/28/17501181-Mortar-attacks-kill-students-in-cafeteria-at-syrias-damascus-university?lite, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/03/2013328112344701832.html, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/world/middleeast/damascus-students-killed-in-Mortar-strike.html?_r=0, http://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/syria-todays-damascus-university-Mortar-attack-showed-callous-disregard-civilians, http://www.france24.com/en/20130328-damascus-university-Mortar-fire-syria-assad, https://www.rt.com/news/syria-university-shell-students-987/, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21964299, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/28/world/meast/syria-civil-war/, http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/dead-and-wounded-in-damascus-university-Mortar-attack_13982, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/damascus-syria-university-Mortar-451430, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2893298/20-wedding-guests-killed-scores-wounded-Mortar-rounds-fired-Afghanistan-army-attack-village.html, https://www.rt.com/news/219103-afghanistan-rocket-strike-wedding/, http://indianexpress.com/article/world/middle-east-africa/at-least-20-killed-at-wedding-in-afghanistan-army-Mortar-attack-on-taliban/, http://www.ibtimes.com/rocket-attack-kills-least-26-afghan-wedding-1771604, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2893298/20-wedding-guests-killed-scores-wounded-Mortar-rounds-fired-Afghanistan-army-attack-village.html#v-3967974318001, http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/10/21/yemens-houthi-rebels-violating-laws-of-war, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/10/20/yemen-houthis-shell-civilians-southern-city. Figure 1. Sustained Rate of Fire: 81mm Mortar. Maximum Range: 2.17 miles. The assistant gunner is the person who actually fires the weapon. The house and a car were damaged in the incident. Field artillery has been called The King of Battle. And for good reason. This mortar also uses the standard M64 mortar sight of the 60mm mortar, M224. The M252 weighs about 91 pounds. In addition they provide local security for the mortar position. The gunner stands to the left of the mortar where they can manipulate the sight, traversing handwheel, and elevating handwheel. In general, mortars are best in open areas or terrain and less desirable in urban environments. Mortars are basically the light artillery of the infantry. Other armies count on 81mm mortar families. The baseplate of a mortar stabilises the system, and helps prevent the barrel from being driven into the ground by the recoil of firing. This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 10:32. A higher angle will result in a shorter range, and a lower angle will have the opposite effect. The M816 81mm Infrared Illumination Cartridge with Mechanical Time - Super Quick (MTSQ) Fuze is designed for use with the M252 81mm Light Battalion Mortar System, currently fielded to all Light Infantry units in the Army. With a maximum rate of fire of 33 rounds per minute, and 16 rounds per minute over a sustained period of time, these mortars offer a high level of capability. Table 1 Case Studies for 81-120 mm Mortars, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 05 February 1994. Sustained rate is 20 rds per minute. Otherwise, it is carried disassembled in three loads, (barrel, baseplate and bipod with sights, each approximately 11kg), normally carried by a vehicle or helicopter and assembled for firing from the ground. Death toll of 26 people, and approximately 41 injured, including women and children. The typical mortar projectile is widest at the tail, and just behind the shoulder of the body. Because numbers and data can actually be fun and interesting, here are more facts about the M252 81mm mortar. Obscuration rounds, or smoke rounds, create a smokescreen within the target area. 82 mm mortar projectiles are nominally 1 mm larger in diameter than the 81 mm mortar projectiles. They also have four M120 heavy mortars, as well, but typically each squad only operates one mortar at a time. They have the duty of preparing the ammunition (charge settings. "81mm rounds have a maximum effective range of 5,608 meters," said Leininger. Location: Then again, last night I blew ~ 50 x 81mm rounds (2 separate point target, 2 tube, heavy, short missions), 12 x 60mm mortar rounds (direct lay targeted), and 6 x 75mm HE tank gun rounds on a single AT gun (behind bocage, but not dug in), and still failed to kill it. The M252 Mortar can fire the following principal classifications of training and service ammunition:[9]. Attachment is justified when the mortar platoon cannot give adequate support to a unit by operating in a GS or DS role. Their ability to deny key-terrain access to the enemy is important, even in an urban space. 28 August 1995, 11:00. In the U.S. it is produced by Watervliet Arsenal. There are a large number of different models of HE mortar projectiles in circulation and use, many of which have seen little change in design since the Second World War. The second ammunition bearer stands to the right rear of the mortar behind the first ammunition bearer. Special SOFREP Birthday Offer - Join Now , 9800 Fredericksburg Rd. Damaged one ambulance and three cars. Major damage was caused to the refectory. It replaced the older (WWII-era) 60mm M2 Mortar and the inaccurate M19 Mortar. The most notable rifled 120 mm mortar is the French-designed MO-120 RT-61, which is currently in service with at least 24 different armed forces in the world, including the US Marine Corps (General Dynamics, 2007). Remarks: The Range Indicator NSN is 5840-01-458-6159. 22 terms. British army light role infantry battalions and the Royal Marines may transport their mortars in BvS 10 vehicles (the replacement for the Bv 206). Training practice (TP): Designations M880, M879, M68, and sabot. Although nobody was killed in the incident, 4 people were injured and an ambulance and 3 private vehicles were damaged. Max Rate of Fire: 81mm Mortar. Twenty-three citizens died on the spot in this massacre, and ten during admission. 120 mm smoothbore mortars have maximum ranges of approximately 7,200 m to 9,500 m, when firing conventional HE mortar projectiles. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. Video reports show two wounded; one with fragment wounds in the back, and one woman with a bandaged head. Range mortar fired from: Light mortars can be carried by a single soldier, and are found at the company level of some infantry units. Eight of these patients died in the hospital reception area immediately upon arrival. M252 81mm Mortars The M252 81mm medium extended range mortar (see diagram below) is a crew-served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon system. The range of any given mortar's projectiles can be adjusted by the user. Types of Ammunition High explosive. generally speaking, medium mortars can fire at ranges of 100 m to 5500 m, while heavy mortars have a range of some 500 m to 7,000 m, so in other words 100 m to 5 km for medium and 1/2 km to 7 km for heavy, light mortars i.e. 2022 The SOFREP Media Group. [4][7] The Marines developed an improved M252A2 version that weighs about 8.16kg (18 pounds) less than the original and incorporates a 4 magnification sight with a new cooling system.[8]. the max range of a specific ammunition type is its' effective range. Weights vary dramatically as well, again, depending on selected method of fire. However, in populated areas people gather in large numbers in relatively small and often semi-enclosed areas such as markets. As a longstanding partner of armed forces around the globe, Rheinmetall supplies a wide array of mortar systems and ammunition. In addition to their normal equipment, each soldier would carry four bombs in a pair of two-bomb plastic containers (known as greenies in the British Army). This mortar platoon has four squads of infantrymen, plus a fire direction section (squad), that makes the fire control calculations. San Antonio, TX 78288. and less desirable in urban environments. [4] The M252A1 also required less maintenance with its internal gears greaseless. Weapon system: These can also include infrared (IR) illumination, not visible to the naked eye without the use of other optic systems. Used in night missions requiring illumination for assistance in observation. Produces illumination which is only visible through the use of other optic systems affect far! 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