They ask why we are taking jobs from Turks or using their public services like hospitals, he said. In a November 2016 report, Crisis Group analysed how the Syrian influx played into the countrys complex demographics and political polarisation. A local representative of the Kurdish movement in Istanbuls Sultangazi district attributed violence against refugees to supressed resentment: We have no rights. I dont know how much longer we will be able to stay here, said Hassan Khalaf, a 39-year-old Syrian working at a cafe in Istanbuls Kucukcekmece district. Source: Turkish Ministry of Interior, DGMM, International Protection Statistics, accessed August 8, 2017, available online. A Time for Giving: Practical help for Syrians living in Istanbul. CCTE Conditional Cash Transfer for Education: A program funded under the EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey that aims to incentivise the schooling of Syrian refugee children. Although Syrian refugees reside in all 81 provinces, they are concentrated in particular areas, Ankara demands the extradition of U.S.-based Fethullah Glen who is accused of heading the organisation. Crisis Group interview, NGO representative, Ankara, July 2017. After failing to find a job in Istanbul, she has found herself supporting her. NGO representative views shared at event attended by Crisis Group titled Migration and the Integration into the Education System organised by Friedrich Naumann Foundations Turkey Office, Istanbul, 13 October 2017. In a significant development, a new law in January 2016 introduced work permits for Syrians under temporary protection. Sign in Arabic on a tree advertises that the Abu Salah Supermarket in Sultangazi district can supply money transfers in all currencies, accommodation for male youths, espresso coffee and all kinds of Syrian goods, September 2017. It provides. Living conditions for Syrian refugees are often difficult, but many have overcome these challenges to push for a brighter future. Tzu Chi, an international Buddhist aid organisation headquartered in Taiwan, has helped fill the gap in aid and service provision to Syrians in Sultangazi, September 2017. Figure 3. In September 2017, Turkish media quoted deputy Prime Minister in charge of economic affairs Mehmet imek saying that they were working on amending the law on local government accordingly. In August 2017, authorities introduced a new system of neighbourhood guards tasked with patrolling urban areas and monitoring local tensions. Refugee Livelihood Monitor published by the Human Development Foundation (NGEV) and pollster IPSOS in July 2017. Budgetary limitations are among the most pressing, and more refugees might be adequately served if national funds were provided to municipalities based on the number of refugees hosted. [fn]Syrians Agenda Study, Economists Platform, (Ekonomistler Platformu), October 2017. Sultanbeyli is one of Istanbul's poorest districts and contains the largest concentration of Syrian refugees on the Asian side of the city [6]. Between May 2011 and May 2017, more than 224,000 babies were born in Turkey to displaced Syrians. [fn]Crisis Group interviews, representatives of international organisations, Ankara, September 2017. The Turkish labour market suffers skills and educational mismatches manifested in an estimated 1.2 million unfilled market vacancies. 6458, the latter implemented in 2014. N.d. Syria Regional Refugee Response. Crisis Group interview, Istanbul, September 2017. The emergence of these urban refugees has important implications for local governments, especially municipalities, which have taken on the direct work of caring for this vulnerable population. ileri Bakan Soylu: 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinden itibaren 47 bin 523 kii tutukland [Interior Minister Soylu: 47 thousand 523 individuals arrested since 15 July 2016], Anadolu Agency, 17 December 2017. This 22-year-old had been longing for a more stable life, away from the atrocities of war. Police dispersed the pro-AK Party crowd before it reached the area. In Istanbuls Sultangazi district, 6,000 Syrian students were added to a school system that accommodates about 103,000 children. In Lebanon and Jordan, refugees are around 17 percent and 8 percent of overall residents, respectively. The research was conducted jointly by Kemerburgaz University and the University of Kent. [fn]According to a September 2017 study by the Education Reform Initiative, around 77,000 new classrooms and 70,000 additional teachers are needed to meet demand. Source: Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Directorate of Urban Planning, unpublished document provided to the author. District municipalities provide special services for refugee health and education needs, which further constrains their already restricted resources. Facility for Refugees in Turkey: the EU invests in the education of 70,000 Syrian refugee children, press release, European Commission, 22 December 2016. These centres should find ways to attract participants from both the host and refugee communities, so they can learn about each others behavioural norms or cultural sensitivities. [fn]Information on incentives for Turkish citizens available on KUR website, http://bit.ly/2wx6v2Q.Hide Footnote, Given the sheer numbers of the Syrians seeking employment and the size of Turkeys informal sector estimated to employ about one-third of the Turkish workforce many refugees have no choice but to accept informal employment, which generally means accepting lower wages, with no benefits or job security. Crisis Group interviews, Turkish officials, Ankara, September 2017. Many Syrians received a warm welcome in Turkey. Crisis Group interview, Istanbul, July 2017. With the EU expected to allocate another 3 billion for Syrians integration in Turkey, there is an opportunity to program funding for the long-term benefit of both Syrians and local host communities. Crisis Group interview, representative of an Alevi. [fn]Crisis Group estimates based on two large representative survey results and migration authority figures: Refugee Livelihood Monitor published by the Human Development Foundation (NGEV) and pollster IPSOS in July 2017; Syrian Barometer, op. Many also believe Syrians receive preferential access to public services and assistance. cit. But resentment is rising, as public services suffer and opposition forces suspect the ruling party of using refugees to exacerbate social divisions. Riva's words have been translated from Turkish and lightly edited for clarity. The organisation has a branch in Istanbuls Sultangazi district where it distributes aid, provides health and education services to Syrians. Trkiyenin G Tarihi: 14. Tension is most acute in working-class enclaves where refugees settle to find affordable housing and unskilled employment in small textile, shoemaking or furniture workshops. by december 2019, the number of registered syrians in turkey exceeded 3.6 million, 1 of whom a significant proportion (17-20 per cent) were living in istanbul, reaching more than 550,000 by august 2018. [fn]As of 11 October 2017, the DGMM had updated the records of 529,313 Syrians in 57 provinces. Although the government and donors have made enormous efforts to provide education for refugee children, some 370,000 of nearly one million school-age Syrian children are not enrolled, and another 230,000 still attend the temporary education centres (TECs) being phased out as Syrian children transition into the public-school system. Figure 2. But those job opportunities are becoming increasingly scarce as Turkey faces its worst economic crisis in 20 years, with inflation exceeding 80 per cent and unemployment passing 22 per cent last month. The massive influx has stimulated growth and attracted new investment by providing cheap labour and boosting consumption. Crisis Group interview, manager of a shoemaking workshop, Izmir, August 2017. Teachers and school principals do not know how to manage this transition. Despite their limited legal authority, financial support, and capacity, Turkish municipalities have made great effort in accommodating refugees. While Turkey has long been a country of emigration and to some extent of immigration, the scale of the recent Syrian refugee inflows is unprecedented in Turkish history. Sahiller duman alt [Coastal areas are thick with smoke]. 37 per cent said Syrians should be harboured in a safe zone in northern Syria, while 28 per cent preferred them staying in camps only. This number is expected to reach 650,000 (65 percent) in the 2017-18 academic year. Our factories would stop operating [without them]. Regarding their impressions of social acceptance and tension, the respondents stated that despite some community-level concerns, these anxieties and worries have not led to conflicts, and that both local residents and Syrians have been very careful in this respect. He said the labour ministry had begun to implement a new project that would identify Syrians skills via practice-oriented exams/tests. Ibo has seven daughters and one son, while her husband is now blind after he was hit by bomb-shrapnel in Syria. Workers cannot hold strikes. Failure to secure wide support for these policies, from both refugees and their hosts, could stoke resentment and violence. [fn]Crisis Group interview, migration expert, Istanbul, October 2017.Hide Footnote To devise more targeted policies, planners need to identify the skill sets of the Syrian refugee population and their socio-economic characteristics. Ankara established temporary education centres or TECs to provide an accredited Arabic-language curriculum for Syrian children, setting the centres up first in camps along the southern border and later in urban locations around the country. Syrian refugees in Istanbul's old Fatih district WILCO VAN HERPEN ISTANBUL The people are poor and made the difficult way from wartorn Syria. Syrian refugees are provided with temporary protection, which allows them to stay in Turkey legally with access to basic services, such as health care, schooling and social assistance. Crisis Group interview, migration expert, Istanbul, October 2017. [fn]Crisis Group interview, expert on Syrian entrepreneurs, November 2017; 8 bini akn Suriyeli irket 100 bin kiiye istihdam salyor [More than 8 thousand Syrian businesses are employing 100 thousand], Anadolu Agency, 19 October 2017.Hide Footnote. In areas with many refugees, local residents frequently complain that they cannot use public services such as health, education, and parks because of the refugees, which could lead to future problems. Incidents of intercommunal violence increased threefold in the second half of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Compassion and solidarity are curdling into hostility. Many believe that Syrian children spread disease and call them troublemakers, claiming they steal from other students. Syrian refugees will need language classes and help learning other basic skills; both Syrian and Turkish workers need access to vocational training based on a forward-looking assessment of market needs. 18-1Hide Footnote Politically marginalised groups believe the government uses Syrians to advance political goals, both domestically and in foreign policy. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and UN International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF), among others, also have projects to foster public interaction. Crisis Group e-mail correspondence, EU official, November 2017.Hide Footnote The opportunity to receive loans and technical assistance could encourage Syrian entrepreneurs to register their businesses and provide formal work opportunities for other Syrians. The official reasoning was twofold: some NGOs were suspected of having links to illicit groups; others were faulted for not meeting the required education standards. Crisis Group interviews, IOM, UNICEF and UNHCR, Ankara, September 2017. All photos: Moawia Atrash for The National. Integrating Syrian Refugees in Istanbuls District of Victimhood, Turkeys Syrian Refugees: Defusing Metropolitan Tensions. [fn]Crisis Group interview, Turkish official working for a state institution and the Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH), Istanbul, July 2017.Hide Footnote Turkish citizens in pious neighbourhoods confirm this view, but also say that over time real-life challenges overwhelm faith-based solidarity. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 6(1), 155-173. google scholar; Erdoan, M. (2014). But host community hostility toward these newcomers is rising. Currently about 82,000 Syrians in Turkey are preregistered and are awaiting approval for TP status, a process that involves security checks.

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