He adds that Rubber Soul is "full of great tunes" from Lennon and McCartney notwithstanding their divergence from a common style, and demonstrates that Harrison "was also developing into a fine songwriter". [103] Author James Decker considers it significant that Rubber Soul "took its narrative cues more from folk crossovers such as Bob Dylan and the Byrds than from the Beatles' pop cohorts". He replicated this success in 1976, releasing Wanted! [135], Heavy equalisation was applied to the electric guitar parts through a series of faders,[136] giving them a treble-rich texture that, as with the harmony vocals,[115] recalls the Byrds' sound. [150], The Beatles had attempted to record an early version of Lennon's "What Goes On" in 1963. [19]:49 Dozens of other bluegrass groups added a dobro after hearing Graves' lightning-fast solos that fit into the bluegrass instrumental style. "[11] After his discharge from hospital, Squire spent several months in his girlfriend's apartment, afraid to leave, only managing to visit the corner shop. [12] The result was that steel guitars could be manufactured in any shape even in the form of a rectangular block bearing little or no resemblance to the traditional guitar shape. "Southern Pacific." [19]:2 In accordance, the non-pedal lap steel became largely obsolete, with only pockets of devotees remaining in country and Hawaiian music. [48] Tributes were paid by fellow musicians Brian May, Geezer Butler, Gene Simmons and Tom Morello, as well as bandmates Geoff Downes and Bill Bruford. [123], Decades of excessive smoking and drug use took a large toll on Jennings' health in addition to being overweight and a poor diet which resulted in his developing Type II diabetes. [321][nb 22], Rubber Soul is widely viewed as the first pop album to make an artistic statement through the quality of its songs,[322] a point that was reinforced by its artsy cover photo. [98] In 1998, Jennings teamed up with Bare, Jerry Reed, and Mel Tillis to form the Old Dogs. The Jennings family approved the release. [49] In December 2014 the induction of Stardust to the Grammy Hall of Fame was announced; the record was included among the 2015 class. 4,848 . [98] According to author Joe Harrington, the album contained the Beatles' first "psychedelic experiments", heralding the transformational effect of LSD on many of the original British Invasion acts. He pioneered the Outlaw Movement in country music. The Outlaws. There are three categories of lap steel guitars: Over centuries in Western countries, the traditional Spanish guitar developed a near-universal tuning of ascending fourths (and one major third) consisting of EADGBE;[3] however, no such standard existed for the Hawaiian "open tunings" (guitar tuned in a chord). [140] Everett describes the composition as "a tour de force of altered scale degrees". [162][180] Gould includes the song among a category of Beatles "'coming home' songs",[179] while Riley pairs it with "It Won't Be Long" but adds that, relative to that 1963 song, in "Wait" "the lovers' reunion has more anxiety than euphoria goading the beat. [266], In the UK, Rubber Soul was the third highest-selling album of 1965, behind The Sound of Music and Beatles for Sale,[269] and the third highest-selling album of 1966, behind The Sound of Music and Revolver. [192] The idea for the "stretched" effect of the image came about by accident when Freeman was projecting the photo onto an LP-size piece of cardboard for the Beatles' benefit, and the board fell slightly backwards, elongating the projected image. They are best known for hits such as "Any Way the Wind Blows" (1989), which was used in the soundtrack for the film Pink Cadillac starring Clint Eastwood and Bernadette Peters, and "New Shade of Blue" (1988, their highest-ranking single on the country charts in November of that year). Blues standards are blues songs that have attained a high level of recognition due to having been widely performed and recorded. Lap steel pioneers include Sol Hoopii, Bob Dunn, Jerry Byrd, Don Helms, Bud Isaacs, Leon McAuliffe, Josh Graves, Pete Kirby, and Darick Campbell. : 12 Born in Honolulu in 1902, Hoopii was a gifted talent on lap steel from an early age. [2]:12 Born in Honolulu in 1902, Hoopii was a gifted talent on lap steel from an early age. [4] This was called "slack-key", known in Hawaiian as "k halu",[5] because certain strings were "slackened" to achieve it. On January 19, 1991, Stardust logged its 551st and final week on the Billboard Country Album Chart. He was the son of Lorene Beatrice (ne Shipley, 19202006) and William Albert Jennings (19151968). [2]:13, Bob Dunn was the first steel guitarist of renown playing Western swing. He pioneered the Outlaw Movement in country music.. Jennings started playing guitar at the age of eight and performed at age 14 on KVOW radio, after which he formed his first band, The Texas Longhorns. and Rubber Soul", and the family atmosphere that had once characterised the relationship between the Beatles and their production team was absent. A school friend recommended that Squire take up the bass after pointing out his tall frame and large hands, thinking they were ideal for playing the instrument. [50] He also played lead guitar for Patsy Montana on a 1964 album. [54]:106 In the 1940s, blues players like Robert Nighthawk and Earl Hooker popularized electric slide guitar this way, using a traditional guitar in standard tuning. This abstraction illustrates one of the instrument's major limitations: its constraint to a single chord that is not changeable during a performance without re-tuning the instrument. [53] Squire's main instrument was a 1964 Rickenbacker bass (model RM1999, serial number DC127), which he bought and began playing in 1965. During one performance, Holly's father, L.O. [320] In a 1968 article on the Beach Boys, Gene Sculatti of Jazz & Pop recognised Rubber Soul as the model for Pet Sounds and Aftermath, as well as "the necessary prototype that no major rock group has been able to ignore". [4] The album reflects the influence of their month in America. With Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser and Jessi Colter he recorded country music's first platinum album, Wanted! Squire was born on 4 March 1948 in the north west London suburb of Kingsbury, to Peter and Joanne Squire. "[52], Zagat Survey rated Stardust five stars out of five: "On this legendary departure from the traditional Willie, America's pop troubadour puts his one-of-a-kind touch on old pop standards, finding common ground between outlaw country and mellow [] Sweet and simple, more bow tie than bandana, each song is turned.[53]. [19] McAuliffe had two Rickenbackers, each tuned differently. The band was composed of Alex Kapranos (lead vocals and guitar), Bob Hardy (bass guitar), Nick McCarthy (rhythm guitar, keyboards a read more. [64][155] In Everett's description, the arrangement includes Harrison's rockabilly-inflected lead guitar, played on his Gretsch Tennessean, contrasting with Lennon's "Steve Cropper-styled Memphis 'chick' rhythm part". Delano Floyd McCoury (born February 1, 1939) is an American bluegrass musician.As leader of the Del McCoury Band, he plays guitar and sings lead vocals along with his two sons, Ronnie McCoury and Rob McCoury, who play mandolin and banjo respectively.In June 2010, he received a National Heritage Fellowship lifetime achievement award from the National Endowment for the The Beatles Unveil 'The U.S. Albums' Box Set in January", "CHUM Hit Parade (week of January 3, 1966)", "Swedish Charts 1962 March 1966/Kvllstoppen Listresultaten vecka fr vecka > Januari 1966", "Record World 100 Top LP's Week of January 15", "Top Compact Disks (for week ending May 30, 1987)", "The Beatles Chart History (Greece Albums)", Cmara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, "ARIA Charts Accreditations 2009 Albums", Australian Recording Industry Association, "Brazilian album certifications The Beatles Rubber Soul", "Canadian album certifications The Beatles Rubber Soul", "Italian album certifications The Beatles Rubber Soul", "British album certifications The Beatles Rubber Soul", Recording data and notes on mono/stereo mixes and remixes, This Bird Has Flown A 40th Anniversary Tribute to the Beatles' Rubber Soul, Extracts from the Film A Hard Day's Night, Extracts from the Album A Hard Day's Night, Live! The group recorded a double album of songs by Shel Silverstein. [6][7] Their choirmaster Barry Rose was an early influence on Squire. [2]:11 Hawaiian music began to meld into American popular music in the 1910s a combination Hawaiians called hapa haole (half-white)[30] which was essentially Hawaiian music, sung in English,[31] intended for white audiences. He went back to the original four-track tapes and remixed them for stereo. [313] The album was also an influence on Dylan, Stevie Wonder[237] and the Byrds. [35] The guitar he played was a Rickenbacker A22, nicknamed the "Frying Pan". While his family lived back in Littlefield, Jennings found a job briefly at KOYL in Odessa, Texas. Tim is one of my all time favorite bassists, he's a monster: Bogert and Appice were a killer combination, probably my favorite rhythm section of all time, I was lucky to have lived through this time, never saw them though. [210] McCartney recalled that he conceived the title after overhearing an American musician describing Mick Jagger's singing style as "plastic soul". During this time he met Buddy Holly at a Lubbock restaurant. [84] The same year, at the peak of his success, Jennings began to feel limited by the outlaw movement. [15]:109 He played a Dobro Model 27,[45] and sometimes a steel-bodied National guitar. Tim recorded and produced the songs 21 on the Billboard Hot 100. [7] They married in 1972. Montreal percussionist Dane Mills performed on the EP and in early live shows. Early life and career. Rubber Soul is the sixth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. [154] The song was the final track recorded for the album. [355][356], Since 2001, Rubber Soul has appeared in critics' best-albums-of-all-time lists compiled by VH1 (at number 6),[357] Mojo (number 27) and Rolling Stone (number 5). It's the sympathetic side of the anger in 'Norwegian Wood. [55] Later, after Jennings became successful, A&M compiled all of his singles and unreleased recordings and issued them as an album, Don't Think Twice. [28], Before their performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Holly chartered a four-seat Beechcraft Bonanza airplane from Dwyer Flying Service in Mason City, Iowa, for himself, Jennings, and Tommy Allsup, to avoid the long bus trip to their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota. The instrument's distinctive portamento sound, characterized by a smooth gliding between notes, became popular throughout the islands. Jones told him "Ray did it his way, and you'll do it yours". Instead, they went home and never returned. [2] He recalled, "It was the last time I ever took it, having ended up in hospital in Fulham for a couple of days not knowing who I was, or what I was, or who anybody else was. [59][60] Leavin' Town resulted in significant chart success as the first two singles "Anita, You're Dreaming" and "Time to Bum Again" both peaked at no. [229] Its advance orders of 500,000 almost equalled the total sales for the new single and were described by the Daily Mirror's show business reporter as marking a new record for pre-release orders for an LP. [119][120], Jennings started to consume amphetamines while he lived with Johnny Cash during the mid-1960s. The album is available on iTunes now, and on vinyl here. [252] The belated acceptance of the Beatles by the editors of Newsweek was indicative of the magazine's recognition of the band's popularity among American intellectuals and the cultural elite. [255][nb 17], While British albums typically avoided including previously released songs,[256] the lack of a hit single on the North American version of Rubber Soul added to the album's identity there as a self-contained artistic statement. Goodman continued to tour and record with The Magic Music Band and his solo project, The Tim Goodman Band. Paul McCartney, who was the only Beatle still living in central London, said it was typical of a move away from alcohol and into "more of a beatnik scene, like jazz". [183], Harrison wrote "If I Needed Someone" as a love song to Pattie Boyd, the English model to whom he became engaged in December 1965 and married the following month. [85][86] In 1979, RCA released Jennings first Greatest Hits compilation,[87] which was certified gold the same year, and quintuple platinum in 2002. His first solo record was 1975's Fish Out of Water, featuring Yes alumni Bill Bruford on drums and Patrick Moraz on keyboards and The Syn/The Selfs alumnus Andrew Jackman also on keyboards. Between 1966 and 1995 fifty-four of his albums charted on Billboard's Top Country Albums, with eleven reaching Number 1. [20], During his time at KVOW Jennings was visited by DJ Sky Corbin of KLVT in Levelland. at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962, The Beatles (The Original Studio Recordings), Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubber_Soul&oldid=1120407713, Albums with cover art by Robert Freeman (photographer), CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes), Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Certification Table Entry usages for Argentina, Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments figures, Certification Table Entry usages for Australia, Certification Table Entry usages for Brazil, Pages using certification Table Entry with sales figures, Certification Table Entry usages for Canada, Certification Table Entry usages for Germany, Certification Table Entry usages for Italy, Pages using certification Table Entry with streaming figures, Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand, Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom, Certification Table Entry usages for United States, Pages using certification Table Entry with sales footnote, Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments footnote, Pages using certification Table Entry with streaming footnote, Articles with MusicBrainz release group identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 12 October 11 November 1965 (except 17 June 1965 for "Wait"), This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 21:17. [138], In 2008, the posthumous album Waylon Forever was released, which consisted of songs recorded with his then-16-year-old son, Shooter. [10]:11 Despite incorporating a resonant chamber in their body, these early acoustic versions of the instrument were not loud enough relative to other instruments. [22], A fundamental challenge of lap steel guitar design is the inherent constraint it places on the number of chords and inversions available in any given tuning. [48] Campbell played a traditional Hawaiian lap steel:[48] a Fender Stringmaster 8-string (Fender Deluxe-8). "[51], Pitchfork Media rated the album with 9.3 points out of 10, and wrote: "Thirty years ago, Willie Nelson took a typically left turn and followed up a string of successful albums with a cover album of songs made famous by decidedly non-country musicians like Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra and Louis Armstrong [] What makes the record so thrilling and very often beautifuland what separates him from today's ham-handed vocalistsis Nelson's facility as an interpreter [] With his tender, textured voice and intuitively around-the-beat phrasing, Nelson gives these songs fresh readings, with just the touch of sentimentality and nostalgia they demand. [49] He had a few regional hits around Phoenix, due to local radio airplay with "Four Strong Winds" and "Just To Satisfy You", which was co-written with Bowman. [275], This article is about the 1965 album. [184] In the song's Rickenbacker 12-string guitar riff, the Beatles returned the compliment paid to them earlier in 1965 by the Byrds,[185][186] whose jangly guitar-based sound McGuinn had sourced from Harrison's playing the previous year. [319] Music historian Simon Philo also sees it as heralding the experimentation that characterised late-1960s rock. In 1983, she formed Esquire, on whose first album Chris, Alan White, and Trevor Horn assisted. Sam Patch Tim Kingsbury of Arcade Fire has released Yeah You, and I, the debut album from his solo project, Sam Patch. [20] Until late in their career, the "primary" version of the Beatles' albums was always the monophonic mix. [216][217][nb 14] The cover photo of the Beatles was taken by photographer Robert Freeman in the garden at Lennon's house. She attributed pop's recent embrace of psychedelia and "many of the strange new sounds now in records" to the LP's influence. that same month, the requirement for a new album in time for Christmas was in keeping with the schedule established with EMI in 1963 by Brian Epstein, the group's manager,[7] and George Martin, their record producer. ", "Deconstructing Pop Culture: How Many Records Did the Beatles Actually Sell? It was also a crossover hit, peaking at no. [22] Jennings and Holly soon left for New York City,[25] arriving on January 15, 1959. [39] The added size and weight meant that the instrument could no longer be reasonably supported on the player's lap and required placement in a frame with legs known as a "console" steel guitar, that is still ostensibly a lap steel. By 1952, this invention revolutionized how the instrument was played, in many ways making it virtually a new instrument, known as a "pedal steel". [23] The instrument's constraints caused leading steel guitarists to add additional necks with different tunings on the same instrument. [37][38][39] The pair divorced in 2008. [9], Squire was fond of using LSD in the 1960s; a visit to the UFO Club on the drug on Friday which lasted through Saturday, and recovery on Sunday, became a regular event until a 1967 incident where he had a bad trip on a friend's home made LSD. [368][369], The Capitol version was relaunched in 2006, for the Capitol Albums, Volume 2 box set,[203][370] using original mixes of the Capitol album, and then in 2014, individually and on the box set The U.S. The reviewer continued "these tunes have become part of the folk music of exurban America. "[302][nb 20], Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph wrote in 2009: "this is where things start to get very interesting Rubber Soul is the result of their first extended period in the studio. "[7], In 1977, Jennings was arrested by federal agents for conspiracy and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. Like mainstream country music, it largely developed out of old-time string music, though in contrast, bluegrass is traditionally played exclusively on acoustic None of the bonus tracks date to the original Stardust sessions. [274] In 2013, after the British Phonographic Industry altered its sales award protocol, the album was certified Platinum based on UK sales since 1994. He said it was the first time "you were forced to deal with them as something other than a flash in the pan" and especially admired Harrison's introduction of Indian sounds. [275], Critical response to Rubber Soul was highly favourable. [68] The Beatles also made use of harmonium during the sessions,[69][70] marking that instrument's introduction into rock music. In 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.[1]. The album contained a 16 track bonus disc of standards from Nelson's other albums. He is the younger brother of Arcade Fire frontman Win Butler.In 2014, Will Butler was nominated [15]:109, Beecher "Pete" Kirby (19111992), known as Bashful Brother Oswald, was born in Sevierville, Tennessee. [221] Author Peter Doggett highlights the cover as an example of the Beatles, like Dylan and the Stones, "continu[ing] to test the limits of the portrait" in their LP designs. [27][28] Marijuana appealed to the band's bohemian ideal. 1 single "Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way", and became his first album to be certified gold by the RIAA; it was also the first of six consecutive solo studio albums to be certified gold or higher. He felt that the Nashville-standard E9 was, in his words, a "gimmick". The band once opened for The Jimi Hendrix Experience at the venue, "So I saw what was possible, and I just had this innate faith that I was going to make it. [249][250] These initial sales were unprecedented for an LP[251][252] and were cited by Billboard magazine as evidence of a new market trend in the US in which pop albums started to match the numbers of singles sold. [2], By 1977, Nelson had decided to record a collection of American pop standards to follow. The same day he met Reshen, RCA sent Jerry Bradley to offer Jennings $5,000 as a bonus for signing a new 5% royalty deal with RCA, the same terms he had accepted in 1965. For other uses, see, Sample from "In My Life", including a portion of the piano solo, Albums in the core catalogue are marked in, Appearances on best-album lists and further recognition. [41] After a successful performance at the Cross Keys Club in Phoenix, he was approached by two contractors (Paul Pristo and Dean Coffman) who were building a club in Scottsdale for James (Jimmy) D. Musil, called JD's. The charges were later dropped and Jennings was released. Owner J.B. McShan, along with Emil Macha, recorded Jennings's performance. Meanwhile, Jennings requested a $25,000 royalty advance from RCA Records to cover his living expenses during his recovery. [61] More importantly, the sound was immediately recognized by lap steel (non-pedal) guitarists as something both unique and impossible[b]:190 to produce on a non-pedal lap steel. [31] During the sessions, the Beatles typically focused on fine-tuning the musical arrangement for each song, an approach that reflected the growing division between the band as a live act and their ambitions as recording artists. It meant that the instrument could be heard equally with other instruments, that it no longer needed a resonance chamber to produce its sound, and that electrified lap steels could be manufactured in any shape (even a rectangular block), with little or no resemblance to a traditional guitar. It compared his vocal performances to that of his own repertoire numbers "Night Life" and "Crazy". in June 1965. [7] Many inventors sought a mechanical linkage to change the pitch of strings on the steel guitar. Joel Benjamin (B.A. McCartney began to insist that, when recording his compositions, the Beatles adhere to arrangements he had decided on in advance. [2]:11 Hawaiians learned to play fingerstyle this way, creating melodies over the full resonant tones of the open strings, and the genre became known as slack-key guitar. Jennings married country singer Jessi Colter in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 26, 1969. [57][233] They performed both sides of the single throughout the tour, but only "If I Needed Someone" and "Nowhere Man" from the new album. A double album, it was recorded between 2011 and 2013 at studios in Montreal, Jamaica, and Louisiana.It was co-produced by LCD Soundsystem frontman James Murphy, regular Arcade [15] Squire spoke about the band's formation: "I couldn't get session work because most musicians hated my style. Theoretically, it was "possible" on a lap steel, but not to play it rapidly and with perfect intonation; the pedal version was immediately recognizable. Jiles Perry "J.P." Richardson Jr. (October 24, 1930 February 3, 1959), known as The Big Bopper, was an American singer, songwriter and disc jockey.His best-known compositions include "Chantilly Lace" and "White Lightning", the latter of which became George Jones' first number one hit in 1959.Richardson was killed in an airplane crash in Clear Lake, Iowa, in 1959, along with It sounded so corny and hillbilly, but it's been good to me, and I'm pretty well at peace with it now. List of contemporary classical double bass players, Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade, Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_bass_guitarists&oldid=1119257442, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 14:33. Then he returned to Lubbock.[37]. And that's the way Nelson plays themspare and simple, with a jump band's verve and a storyteller's love of a good tale". Bass guitarists provide the low-pitched basslines and bass runs in many different styles of music ranging from rock and metal to blues and jazz. [59], Lennon recalled that Rubber Soul was the first album over which the Beatles took control in the studio and made demands rather than accept standard recording practices. [54] Squire mentioned in a 1979 interview with Circus Weekly that he acquired this bass while working at the Boosey & Hawkes music store in London. "[285], In another review that Richard Williams later cited as an example of the British pop press not being "quite ready" for the album, Melody Maker found the Beatles' new sound "a little subdued" and said that tracks such as "You Won't See Me" and "Nowhere Man" "almost get monotonous an un-Beatle-like feature if ever there was one". The following is a list of notable electric bass guitar players. Unlike the usual manner of playing a traditional acoustic guitar, in which the performer's fingertips press the strings against frets, the pitch of a steel guitar is changed by pressing a polished steel bar against plucked strings (from which the name "steel guitar" derives). [60] The song became one of the most-played country songs of 1954 and was No. [148] In Womack's view, the French phrases in the lyrics accentuate the premise whereby a language barrier separates two lovers, and the narrative conveys an acceptance that their relationship is doomed to fail, such that the singer is already looking back nostalgically at what could have been. She was the oldest daughter and second child born to Clara Marie "Clary" (ne Ramey; May 5, 1912 November 24, 1981) and Melvin Theodore "Ted" Webb (June 6, 1906 February 22, 1959).Ted was a coal miner and subsistence farmer. (Cook had produced more than a dozen of Erickson's songs in 1979, which became Erickson's album The Evil One. Jennings left high school at age 16, [14], Stardust was released in April 1978. [43], Jennings formed his backing band, The Waylors, with bassist Paul Foster, guitarist Jerry Gropp, and drummer Richie Albright. It has been recognised by music critics as an album that opened up the possibilities of pop music in terms of lyrical and musical scope, and as a key work in the creation of styles such as psychedelia and progressive rock. [65] The variety in guitar tones throughout the album was also aided by Harrison and Lennon's use of capos, such as in the high-register parts on "If I Needed Someone" and "Girl". The recording sessions took place in London over a four-week period beginning in October 1965. Since the 1950s, the electric bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music. "[31] Less than an hour and a half later, shortly after 1:00 am on February 3, 1959, Holly's charter plane crashed into a cornfield outside Mason City, instantly killing all on board. A private courier warned the Drug Enforcement Administration about the package sent to Jennings by a New York colleague that contained 27 grams of cocaine. [147] The Beatles had taped two versions of the song before achieving the final version,[170] which they recorded during the last, frantic day of the Rubber Soul sessions. [8] A Christmas album, Chris Squire's Swiss Choir, was released in 2007 (with Johnson, J. Stacey and Steve Hackett). [28]:13, The steel guitar was the first "foreign" musical instrument to gain a foothold in American pop music. Rubber Soul is the sixth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles.It was released on 3 December 1965 in the United Kingdom, on EMI's Parlophone label, accompanied by the non-album double A-side single "Day Tripper" / "We Can Work It Out".The original North American release, issued by Capitol Records, contains ten of the fourteen songs and two tracks withheld from the [79][80] In 1976 Jennings released Are You Ready for the Country. Their first public performance took place at The Graveyard, a youth club in the hall of St. Corbin was impressed with his voice, and decided to visit Jennings at the station after hearing him sing a jingle to the tune of Hank Snow's "I'm Moving On". [111], Jennings's signature image was characterized by his long hair and beard, and black hat and black leather vest he wore during his appearances.[112][113]. [12] Meanwhile, he drove a truck for the Thomas Land Lumber Company, and a cement truck for the Roberts Lumber Company. The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick.Since the 1950s, the electric bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music.Bass guitarists provide the low-pitched basslines and bass runs in many In 1988, four years after quitting cocaine, he finally ended his six-pack-a-day smoking habit.[125]. [22] Nelson became the highest-grossing concert act in the United States. [59] Squire also made notable use of fret buzz, a normally undesirable condition caused by low string action, to create a further, growling edge to his playing. [37] The review concluded that the release showed that Nelson was "also at home in more conventional pop streams" and that he "knows not only how to create good music, he knows where to find it-and how to bring it out in all its sublimity". [9] Jones decided to keep the arrangements sparse, without the use of backup singers or additional strings. [63][64] The Rickenbacker's design allowed for greater melodic precision, a characteristic that led McCartney to contribute more intricate bass lines. 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