Synchronous motors are mainly used as generators, but also as motors and regulators. For the heavy power generation, the st ator of the synchronous generator design for voltage ratings between 6.6 kV to 33 k V. Working Principle of Synchronous generator : The alternators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When there is a relative motion between the conductors and the flux, emf gets induced in the conductors. This law states that when currents are induced inside a conductor in a magnetic field, there will be a relative's motions betweens the conductor as well as the magnetic field. Difference between DC Generator and Alternator: If commutator is dropped from a d.c generator and induced e.m.f is tapped from an armature directly outside, the nature of such emf will be alternating. Figure 4(a) shows the top view of a salient rotor with a damper winding, and Figure 4(b) shows a side view of the damper winding. The assumed direction of rotation is in the clockwise direction, as shown. In this section, we will describe the operation of the synchronous generator. Let's take a step back for a moment and define what an . Basic principle behind the working of an AC synchronous generator is also Faraday's law of electrical induction, somewhat similar to working of a DC generator. An induction generator or asynchronous generator is a type of alternating current (AC) electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce electric power. The salient-pole synchronous generator thus has a. The main contents of the overhaul include disassembling the body, disassembling the rotor, repairing the stator, repairing the rotor, checking the state of the slip ring, installing the generator and insulating the axis. Working Principle Of AC Synchronous Generator Jun. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT. Note that the stator coils shown in Figures 1 and 2 are physically 120 apart. Working Principle of Synchronous generator: At position 2, the entire velocity component is, perpendicular to the flux lines. FIGURE 2: Cross section of a salient-pole synchronous generator. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. "name": "Synchronous Generator Working Principle" As the conductor moves from 3 to 4, velocity component perpendicular to the flux lines again starts increasing. If we encounter problems during the three-guarantee period, we can respond within 30 minutes of answering the faulty call, arrive at the user site within 2 hours in the city, and troubleshoot general problems within 6 hours. Well, to be accurate, you will find not just a synchronous machine but also a prime mover and some source of fuel for . Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotors faster than synchronous speed. Due to this change that occurs over continuously, there is an emf that is induced in the armature. Similar to the dc generator an ac generator or alternator works on the same principle i.e., Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction. As the mechanical strength of salient pole type is less, this is preferred for low-speed, These rotors have small diameters and large axial lengths.This is to keep peripheral speed within limits.The main advantage of this type is that these are mechanically very strong and thuspreferredfor high-speed. Jiangsu Starlight Electricity Equipments Co.,Ltd. A generator running at synchronous speed and generating three-phase voltage is called a three-phase synchronous generator or alternator. At position 4, it achieves maxima in the opposite direction, as the entirevelocity componentbecomes perpendicular to flux lines. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. FIGURE 3: Power angle of the synchronous generator. The salient-pole generator, on the other hand, has a varying air gap. Synchronous generators are designed according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between the rotor magnetic field and the stator windings. Thus, stator winding produces a 3 phased rotating Magnetic- Field. They are mostly utilized to create high voltages in power plants. Manage Settings The magnetic axis of two polesproduced by field is vertical, shown dotted in below figure. If the field exciter winding is placed in the rotor, low voltage DC can be transferred safely to the exciter winding via slip-rings. As the conductor moves from position 1 toposition2, the part of the velocity component becomes perpendicular to the flux linesand proportional to that, emf gets induced in the conductor. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . }. They are mainly used in power plants to generate high voltages. Adds: No.2 Xingguang Road, Guxi Industrial Park, Taixing, Jiangsu, China. var cnzz_protocol = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? " By using commutator and brush assembly it is converted to d.c and made available to the external circuit. This is also called non-salient type or non-projected pole type or round rotor.This rotor consists of a smooth solid steel cylinder, having a number of slots to accommodate the field coil.These slots are covered at the top with the help of steel or manganese wedges.The unslotted portions of the cylinder itself act as the poles.The poles are not projecting out and the surface of the rotor is smooth which maintains a uniform air gap between stator and rotor. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a, Both are two-pole synchronous generators. FIGURE 1: Cross section of a round-rotor synchronous generator. It shows that the direction of the current changes after every half of the rotational time period, that means we get an alternating current. But the direction ofvelocity componentnow is opposite to the direction ofvelocity component existingduring themovement of the conductor from position 1 to 2.Hence an inducedemf in the conductor increase but in the opposite direction. It converts the electrical energy (in alternating current form) to mechanical energy (rotation of shaft). DC supply is given to the rotor. The EMF will also be generated if the field rotates and the conductor becomes stationary. Diesel Engine Connected to an AC Generator Faraday's Law Two physical laws determine how almost all of the electrical engineering industry works. Did you find apk for android? Working of an AC Generator The flux linkage of the armature varies continually as it revolves between the poles of the magnet on an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field. After a fault, the rotor magnetic field of the motor can be eliminated naturally. Synchronous motors are mainly used as generators, but also as motors and regulators. This can actually be observed by shining a strobe lamp on the shaft. https://" : " http://");document.write(unescape("%3Cspan id='cnzz_stat_icon_1261919589'%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cscript src='" + cnzz_protocol + "s4.cnzz.com/z_stat.php%3Fid%3D1261919589%26show%3Dpic' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Antifreeze Can Better Protect Diesel Generator Sets, The Basic Principle of Generator Electronic Governor. It is seen that in the case of a d.c generator, basically, the nature of the induced e.m.f in the armature conductors is of alternating type. (3) The armature winding cuts the rotor rotating magnetic field to induce electromotive force. The coil is connected to slip rings, and the load is connected through brushes that are resting on the slip rings. And at this instant, the induced emf in the conductor is at its maximum. Stator: Unlike in a DC machine, the stator of an alternator is not meant to serve a path for magnetic flux. The parallel connection has the same . The galvanometer changes its value from positive to negative. is parallel to the flux lines and hence at this instant induced emf in the conductor is zero. When the armature rotates between the magnet's poles upon an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the flux linkage of the armature changes continuously. The synchronous generators are the prim ary source of electrical power. It uses Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. According to the structure, it can The overhaul period of synchronous generators for diesel generator sets is generally 2-4 years. has professional maintenance masters. Synchronous Generator Working Principle The principle of operation of synchronous generator is electromagnetic induction. The damper winding may or may not be visible on the pole-face of a real synchronous generator. The synchronous generator consists of two parts, a stator and a rotor. A synchronous generator is a synchronous machine which converts mechanical power into AC electric power through the process of electromagnetic induction.. Synchronous generators are also referred to as alternators or AC generators.The term "alternator" is used since it produces AC power. When the field is rotated by a prime mover, voltages are induced in the stator coils because they are cutting the flux of the rotor field. AC generators are classified into two categories: induction generators and synchronous generators. "@id": "https://electricalacademia.com/synchronous-machines/synchronous-generator-working-principle/", These rotors have small diameters and large axial lengths.This is to keep peripheral speed within limits.The main advantage of this type is that these are mechanically very strong and thuspreferredfor high-speedalternatorsrangingbetween 1500 to 3000 r.p.m. Jiangsu Starlight Electricity Equipments Co.,Ltd. Salient pole type: Salient pole type rotor is used in low and medium speed alternators. When the rotor is constructed of a stack of laminations, those holes are filled with aluminum and the aluminum bars thus formed are shorted together at each end of the rotor pole. So if we plot the magnitudes of the induced emf against the time, we get an alternating nature of the induced emf shown figure above. The working principle of the AC motor is explained in detail after the basic construction . The synchronous generator works on the principle of Faraday laws of electromagnetic induction. But the direction of. The synchronous generator is a type of AC generator that rotates at a synchronous speed. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a round-rotor synchronous generator, and Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a salient-pole synchronous generator.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'electricalacademia_com-box-3','ezslot_5',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electricalacademia_com-box-3-0'); Both are two-pole synchronous generators. { Note that the south pole of the resultant flux lags behind the north pole of the rotor field. 28, 2022 A synchronous motor is an AC motor because its rotational speed is constant equal to that of a synchronous speed machine. The alternators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. "item": But, unlike other machines, in most of the alternators, field exciters are rotating and the armature coil is stationary. The stator contains 3 phase windings and is supplied with 3 phase power. As thepositionofconductor changes from 2 to 3, thevelocity componentperpendicular to the flux starts decreasing and hence induced emf magnitude also starts decreasing.At position 3, again the entirevelocity componentis parallel to the flux lines and hence at this instant induced emf in the conductor is zero. Only when it runs at the synchronous speed, the synchronous motor can run normally, which is also the origin of the name of the synchronous motor. If commutator is dropped from a d.c generator and induced e.m.f is tapped from an armature directly outside, the nature of such emf will be alternating. Electromagnetic induction states that electromotive force induced in the armature coil if it is rotating in the uniform magnetic field. So if we plot the magnitudes of the induced emf against the time, we get an alternating nature of the induced emf shown figure above. The rotor field essentially drags the resultant flux along with it and torque is created by the separation of the fields, due to the magnetic attraction of the opposite poles. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); All Rights Reserved by Electrical Engineering Info @2022, It is known that the electric supply used now-a-days for commercial, as well as domestic purposes, is of alternating type.Similar to d.c machines, the, synchronous speed and hence is general called. After the rotor coil enters the direct current, a magnetic field is generated. A synchronous generator is a machine that produces AC voltage when its shaft is rotated. } ] The interaction of the damper winding currents with the rotating magnetic flux creates, Damper windings are also referred to by other names, such as. In Synchronous generator oralternators the stationary winding is called stator while the rotating winding is called Rotor. The above is the working principle of AC synchronous generator shared by Jiangsu Starlight Electricity Equipments Co.,Ltd., a professional generator manufacturer, and I hope it will be helpful to everyone. Now, in the above figure, let the conductor coil A-B-C-D is placed in a magnetic field. The armature winding can be braced well, to prevent deformation caused by high centrifugal force if it was in the rotor. As thepositionofconductor changes from 2 to 3, the, perpendicular to the flux starts decreasing and hence induced emf magnitude also starts decreasing.At position 3, again the entire. The purpose of this winding is to damp out speed transients, and it is thus called the damper winding. Direction of the magnetic flux will be from N pole to S pole. Such high-speed alternators are called turbo-alternators.The prime movers used to drive such type of rotors are generally steam turbines, electric motors. Basic principle behind the working of an AC synchronous generator is also Faraday's law of electrical induction, somewhat similar to working of a DC generator. The stator currents produce a rotating magnetic field in the airgap of the generator that rotates at synchronous speed. As the mechanical strength of salient pole type is less, this is preferred for low-speed alternators ranging from 125 r.p.m to 50 r.p.m.The prime movers used to drive such rotor are generally water turbines and I.C. The stator is an armature that emits electric power, and the rotor is a magnetic . Working of synchronous motors depends on the interaction of the magnetic field of the stator with the magnetic field of the rotor. Group Synchronous Generators Diesel Gen-erator Application s s s s s s s s s Advan-tages s A generator is a device that converts me-chanical energy into electrical energy. "@id": "https://electricalacademia.com", The generators can be used for small loads, such as in homes, as well as for larger loads like industrial plants, (2) The rotor is connected to the DC excitation to generate a constant magnetic field, which forms a mechanical rotating magnetic field with the rotation of the rotor. So, for an electrical system of frequency 50 Hz, this one cycle completes in 0.02 sec. The primary difference between the two types is evident from looking at these two figures. This cycle continues as conductor rotates at a certain speed. When the synchronous generator runs at synchronous speed, the damper winding bars do not cut any magnetic flux, so no voltage is induced in the bars. A synchronous motor is an AC motor because its rotational speed is constant equal to that of a synchronous speed machine. Construction of Synchronous generator or alternator: The limiting factor for the size of the rotor is the centrifugal force acting on the rotating member of the machine. The disadvantage of asynchronous generators is low power factor and low efficiency. In essence, the generator has, When the rotor is driven by a prime mover, its field pulls the stator field along with it. The working principle of the synchronous generator is the same as that of the working principle of the DC generator. What is AC Generator Hello Friends, in this video we discussed about the Concept, Types and working of AC Generator. Adds: No.2 Xingguang Road, Guxi Industrial Park, Taixing, Jiangsu, China.

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